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Appraisal
An appraisal is an educated guess given by an expert. The person giving
the appraisal should possess expert knowledge about the object being appraised.
Expert knowledge comes from years of study and work. An appraisal is an
opinion. The insurer and the owner of the object being appraised depend
on the opinion of the expert should damage or theft occur.
The appraiser will give a price range that could be expected if the object
was sold. It is very difficult for anyone to predict what someone else
will pay for an object. Knowledge of the overall marketability for similar
objects is required. Knowing what other similar things have brought recently
in sales is the foundation of establishing value. Knowing the scarcity
of the object is fundamental in setting value. Knowing how many collectors
are looking for similar items is a big part of knowing the market well.
It is a process of learning not only about the origins of a piece or about
styles or periods of art or schools of art but also a bit about human
nature and business.
The term that appraisers and insurance companies use for the price an
object could be expected to sell for in a gallery, a specialty shop or
an auction house sale is called the “market” value. They are
trying to determine what it would bring at “market”. Market
value is quite different from replacement value. A unique item really
can not be replaced… after all it is one-of-a-kind… it has
no such thing as replacement value.
The market value is determined by examining the art object or antique
very carefully. The appraisal must be in writing and must give a complete
description of the object. There is an accepted procedure for making a
description of an art object. Photographs must be taken. The finished
product is a set of condition reports, origin reports, photos and supporting
materials that can be given to the insurance company as evidence of the
true value.
Overstating the value of an object could result in a fraudulent act being
committed. Intentionally over-insuring an object is referred to as a “moral
hazard” in the insurance business. Insurance is meant to restore
the owner to the original condition before the loss… this is called
to “indemnify”. Insurance is not supposed to provide a profit.
The owner and the insurance company can choose to agree on a value at
or below the market value appraisal. Both parties in the insurance contract
agree that the limit of the policy is the most that will be paid. There
are some policies that can keep pace with inflation or even keep pace
with changes in market value. The policy is crafted to meet the needs
of the owner by the agent and the underwriter. There are numerous variables
and choices to be made in crafting a policy.
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